People With Substance Abuse Problems

People With Substance Ab apply ProblemsWhy People Develop Problems with SubstancesPsychological and sociological theories as to why hatful develop problems with substances and their application vary some theories relate to genetics others to the environment. Most Theories focus on particular features of the rate of drug use Illicit drugs, Alcoholism, Addiction, The drug experience-how and why people use them, Individuals, Society, Carg ir. amicable learning is just one of the theories that try to explain the use of substance misuse. A score of difference is found in corporations statuss and behaviours. Learning depends on priority, intensity, time and involves practice, motivation, attitude, and meaning. (Edwin Sutherland 1939).Thinking about different theories on behaviour can help us to see to it why and how some people have substance problems, for example,Behavioral theories behavioural psychology or behaviourism is based on all behaviours being larn through conditioning. Co gnitive theoriesfocus on internal thoughts such as motivation, attention, decision making and problem solving. Developmental theories think about learning, development and growth. humanitarian theories look at human beings being basicaly good. Personality theories looks at the behaviours, thoughts and feelings that make each person an idiosyncratic. Social psycology theories focus on explaining sociable behaviours. (Psychologist World)Applying these theories can financial aid in understanding why some people depend on substances while others do non.Looking at society as a fond unit does not give a clear picture as to why some people develop substance dependency. If you look at different areas of society you start to see deprived areas, poverty, unemployment, peer pressure, boredom or pressures from work, family history or a pre-disposition to substance problems as well as the environment that a person is brought up in could becharm someones substance dependency.If a child is born to a mother that is dependant on drugs or alcohol thence the child may be born with a predisposition to that specific dependency, if a child is raised in an area where drugs and alcohol are freely available then they could be pressured by peers to consume the available substances. This is seen commonly among teenagers when they start to experiment with bracing things and where peer pressure to be the same as eitherone else can entice a young person to start taking a substance to please or maintain relationships with peers. This can lead to immense term dependency that can continue into adult hood especially if the child has a predisposition to substances or has an addictive tendency, causing the cycle to continue. Societys attitude towards alcohol problems has been largely accepted as the frugal way of life according to the 2004 Scottish sociable attitudes survey carried out by the Scottish government. heathenish AttitudesEvery person in Scotland has a part to play in revi ewing their attitudes and behaviours, and contributing to the debate about how we collectively address these problems. (Carolyn Churchill, 2010)Alcohol problems are estimated to terms Scotland around 3.56 billion per year in NHS, social work, police, emergency services, and the wider economic and human costs. Alcohol misuse not only affects the health and wellbeing of individual drinkers, but also have a major impact on family relationships, the wider communities as well as society as a whole. (Alcohol Focus Scotland) through with(predicate) using these services society is trying to reduce the amount of substance abuse within Scotland. This is however an uphill struggle and until attitudes swap it will be left to the medical profession, police and emergency services and the social work department to fire fight the problems within the Scottish communities. Social justice is touch on with equality of justice, not just in the courts, but in society as a whole. This idea stresses tha t people have to have equal rights and opportunities from the poorest to the wealthiest in society deserve equal chances and opportunities. New legislation may assist the problem however it is the attitude of the individual that will ultimately start to change the attitude of society as a whole.Criminal referee law changed in 2010 this gave courts more flexibility in the way they were able to sentence people that passed through the courts. This at once allows courts to look at ways of reparation without using short term imprisonments.Statutory Orders are those non-custodial sentencing options available to all Sheriff Courts in Scotland. This allows greater choice of sentance for the sherriff. Using Social Enquiry Reports, Community Service Orders, Probation Orders (including those with a requirement of unpaid work), Probation Orders with a Requirement of Unpaid Work, Supervised Attendance Orders, drug Treatment and Testing Orders, Restriction of Liberty Orders, Statutory Throughca re, Voluntary Assistance and the Throughcare Addiction Service, Home Circumstances Reports, Diversion from Prosecution and Bail In ruleation, the sheriff can at present look at the crime and the persons background and apply a decision/sentence that is proportionate to the crime. (Criminal Justice Act 2010)Safer and stronger communities are at the heart of Scottish Government policy. Communities that people are proud to belong to, where they feel safe and have confidence that justice and fairness will prevail, where people cultivate obligation for each other and for their own actions. (People and the Law)Youth justice is closely connected to getting it right field for Every Child which underpins the principals of agencies involved with young people. Getting It Right For Every Child is the Governments policy for addressing the needs of all children and it provides the framework within which public agencies can work better together with a focus on improving outcomes for children. construct the capacity of families and communities to engage in activities that support children is central to this approach. The Early Years and Early Intervention Framework being developed conjointly by the Scottish Government and CoSLA will ensure a strong focus on what needs to be make to ensure that all children, including the approximately vulnerable, get the best start in life. (The Road to Recovery)Youth justice is about intervening at an appropriate time with a plan and a good framework for the intervention. Multi agency co-operation is needed for this to work powerively using a range of procedures and practices dealing with young people who are putting themselves and/or others at risk or offending.Scotlands childrens hearing system was initiated by a change to the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 and is now part of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 and is at the heart of youth justice. Since its introduction children under the age of 16 are only considered for prosecuti on in an adult court if the crime they have pull is deemed to be very serious such as murder. The hearing system deals with children and young people who are in need of care and protection as well as those who have displayed offending behaviours.Youth justice traditionally worked with children from the age of 8 to 16 but has recognised the need to start hinderance work with younger children to support them in the transition from children to adults in a more positive way. In recognising this youth justice introduced several preventative measures including pop justice in schools, safer school partnership, and positive activities for young people, targeted youth support and targeted mental health in schools. The government also introduced the Youth Justice Re-investment lookout Initiative this allows local authorities to act as Pathfinders to develop ways locally of reducing offending and re-offending without a custodial sentence.Assessing, Planning and InterventionGetting It Right for Every Child (GIRFEC) is a good place to start when assessing the needs of children and their families. GIRFEC takes a holistic view of the child GIRFEC has an integrated, common approach to conference selective information about a childs well-being. It uses three tools, the Well-being Indicators identify record and share concerns, and take action as appropriate My World triangle Triangle helps practitioners gather relevant information to look at the strengths and pressures affecting a child and their family. The triangle is deliberately offered from the childs view to reinforce the Getting it right for every child principle that children should always be kept at the centre. The Resilience Matrix help organise and analyse information.All children can be overconfident Individuals, Effective Contributors, Responsible Citizens and Successful Learners. To achieve this all children need to be Safe, Healthy, Active, Nurtured, Achieving, Respected and Responsible and Included. Thes e are known as the wellbeing indicators and are remembered by the acronym S.H.A.N.A.R.I. (GIRFEC)Doing a GIRFEC estimate takes a multi agency view where social work, health and knowledge professionals have a part to play in the assessment process. An assessment should be appropriate, proportionate and timely, once an assessment is done a more holistic picture about the needs of the children and the family has been obtained allowing the practitioner to plan a class of action for the children and family. Through careful planning strategies and interventions can be put into place to allow the children and family to move forrard. All interventions and strategies need to be consensual so the whole family need to be involved in the planning and decisions made to ensure their commitment to the action plan. Intervention strategies will vary depending on the family and the problems they are facing. Using evidence based practice the best relevant information based on the best practices in the field of social work, health and education will achieve the most desirable outcome for the family, this also allows for the assessment and intervention to be transparent and informed.The Key Capabilities document has four headings which together form the Key Capabilities in Child Care and ProtectionEffective Communication, The Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC) codes of practice describe communicating as being done in an appropriate, open, accurate and straightforward way. Knowledge and Understanding, this includes keeping up to date with relevant legislation, being accountable, using professional judgment and knowledge based social work practice, working effectively as a professional. Professional Confidence and Competence include, carrying out duties accountably, using professional judgment and knowledge based social work practice. Values and Ethical Practice, Work at all times within the professional codes of practice, ethical principles and service standards that under pin high quality social work practice, by applying these to any assessments or interventions it is possible for the practitioner to take an non-judgemental and anti discriminatory approach to the clients and there issues.Assessment of the Key Issues Affecting this Familydoyen has already been involved in a previous misfortune involving alcohol where he had assaulted Sandra and her brother in front of the children while he was under the influence of alcohol. doyen has been working with the social worker in an attempt to rectify his relationship with Sandra. Through getting drunk and losing control he has committed a serious offence Dean needs help with his problematic drinking, aggression and anger management as his actions will have a lasting effect on the children and Sandra.Resilience varies from child to child some children do not develop any problems either as children or adults. Families being together in harmony and good social networks are just two of the ways a child builds their resilience however the issues faced by Nathan and Jordan are numerous, they may have to take on responsibilities far beyond their years which effects their education and peer relationships, they may suffer physical and psychological health issues, domestic violence and child abuse, there are concerns regarding anti social behaviour increasing the risk of aggression towards others, hyperactivity or conduct disorders, emotional and attachment disorders and neglect. Building resilience in this situation will need a good level of self esteem, confidence and self efficiency as well as the ability to adjust to change and problem solving skills. There are implications for the childrens safety and welfare which may become a child protection issue.Dean and Sandra are in crisis which would imply that a short piece of intervention work could be used to rectify this situation. Working with Dean and Sandra on new skills to avoid this type of situation and setting achievable goals and sup porting them they should be able to continue to work on their relationship as they were before this incident happened.As a longer term intervention such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy could be a useful tool in this situation, by getting Dean to think about his own thoughts, emotions, physical feelings and actions may assist Dean at looking at his behaviours thoughts and feelings differently and try to take a more positive look at how he can deal with similar situations in the future. This is about getting Dean to view situations in a more positive way therefore being able to handle the situation in a more positive way. This work is not a quick fix for Deans behaviours and he needs to want to take part for it to work. Sandra should be included in part of this therapy as she seems to be one of the objects of Deans anger as does Sandras brother. (PSYCH)Dean would also benefit from working with people who have experience in substance related problems such as his GP or a voluntary grou p. Dean would have to be in agreement with these strategies for them to work. Giving Dean options allows him to take charge of the situation and enables him to move forward at a pace he is comfortable with.If Dean is working voluntarily towards resolving his alcohol, anger and aggression issues it may help his assault deterrent example when it goes to court.The impact on the family will be minimized if dean and Sandra are working together to tackle this situation and work through the problems they are now facing as a family unit supporting each other and the children to a mutually beneficial outcome for the family and wider society.Words 2274Case StudyThe fictional character of the social worker in criminal justiceFrom 1 February 2011 a Social Enquiry Report will be called a Criminal Justice Social Work Report.When a sheriff or judge wants to know more about an accused persons background, they will ask for a Criminal Justice Social Work Report. If a person is likely to be going to jail for the first time, the court must have a report. The report provides the court with the information needed to decide the most appropriate way to deal with offender. A Criminal Justice Social Work Report is written by a social worker, who contacts you by letter and asks you to attend an interview. The social worker will ask for information about your, period circumstances, personal and social history, previous offences, and current or previous supervision.At the end of the interview the social worker will explain to you what sentencing options are available to the court.

Mentoring Theory Analysis

t all(prenominal)ing Theory AnalysisThe aim of this report is to investigate and analyse learning system and methods so that valid conclusions can be drawn on the ideal mentoring barbel. This analysis will be utilised in a real-life mentoring scenario with a conclave of ELB007 students.Mentoring can occur in an assortment of situations including in education, starting new jobs, further training and development of personnel. In these scenarios, the mentor generally will experience more experience and is substantially approach suitable and accessible for the mentee.Society in the 21st century have grown up with the impression that they moldinessinessiness eer pursue the advice of other people. It is more common for an individual to have multiple mentors the traditional older mentors exclusively withal peer mentors and coaches. In this era, mentorship is realiseed as a two- track road and takes more commitment and patience to guide young adults of today. The mentoring ki nd that is developed should be mutually beneficial where twain sides ar anticipate to contribute to one anothers goals and expectations. A crucial component of a successful mentoring relationship is having both the mentor and mentee to have an openness to changes and are eager to learn.1This vitrine of relationship can be valuable when the progression of the mentee depends on their development of additional skills. 2 This is because it enables them to absorb more in clearation and gain valuable advice and support needful to grow themselves in both a personal and professional panache. Some situations do not easily allow for obtaining objective advice, help and support. Having a mentoring intent within an organization incorporates all these important services.A mentor is an experienced and organized religion advisor (Collins English Dictionary, 2016). Another definition of a mentor and its role, more specifically in the business sector includesAn employee training system und er which a senior or more experienced individual (the mentor) is assigned to incite as an advisor, counselor, or guide to a junior or trainee. The mentor is responsible for providing support to, and feedback on, the individual in his or her charge. 3People perceive mentoring in slightly different ways depending on their experience and the use of the mentor-mentee relationship. In addition to this, each organisation has different definitions of mentoring but, within an organisation, everyone possesses the same understanding of what is pass judgment of a mentor in that specific scheme. 4For this report, the focus is on mathematical company mentoring as it is what will be put into practice with the breach B students. This reference of mentoring differs from the typical one-to-one. Group projects linked to group mentoring enhance the learning of parcelicipants and develop an understanding of how aggroups operate.Looking at the history of mentoring and its origins, Greek mytholog y depicts the original insight of a mentor. This can be seen in one of the Greek verse forms written by Homer. The poem Odyssey describes the journey home of a Greek hero by and by the ancestry of Troy. Odyssey, the king of Ithaca, was a Greek hero that entrusted the care of his household to a man named Mentor whilst he was away fighting in the Trojan War. In the poem, mentor serves as a teacher and overseer of Odysseus son, Telemachus. In time, Telemachus ventures in search of his father whilst Athena, Goddess of war, accompanies him and in doing so, undertakes the form of Mentor. 5From this, the word mentor has evolved to mean trusted advisor, friend, teacher and wise person. Human development relies on various forms of mentoring where one person invests time, energy and personal know-how in assisting the growth and ability of another person. Whilst this is the sensed origin of the term mentor, on that point are alternative ideas which will be discussed further into this rep ort. There are certain qualities in which a mentor must have in lay show up to accomplish a successful mentoring relationship. The main qualities include world perceptive, a motivator, have the ability to advise and instruct without interfering, and at last being able to listen, question and feedback to the mentees.In modern day times, coaching and mentoring get utilize interchangeably but have major differences which are frequently overlooked. Coaching is an enabling and helping process whereas mentoring is fundamentally a supportive one. Mentors must act objectively when discussing situations with their mentees and allowing the mentees to explore their own idea to achieve a solution is imperative. 6In this naval division, the methods and theories of mentoring will be investigated. As explained in section 3.0, the concept of mentoring has been around for many years which has allowed for vast speculation and a wide range of conceptual theories to be defecated. Many theorist s such as Kram, Levinson and Erikson have contrasting theories towards the concept of mentoring.Levinson created his theory in the 1970s where it saw mentoring as a single and hierarchical relationship between two people. Kram, another theorist, also guardd with this mentality and it was only in the 2000s that other concepts were developed by Williams and Baugh indicating that there are many types of mentoring including group mentoring. Following on from this development, Kram updated her theory to agree with this new-found approach. Looking more into Krams mentoring theories, she alluded towards a two-dimensional concept which gamylighted the two main functions of mentoring being for psychological support and vital for go development. The mentoring relationship would start with learning each others learning style and habits followed by the mentee learning from the mentor leading to career advancement. This concept focuses on role- baffleling, counselling and friendship to be suc cessful.Similar to this, Levinsons theory developed in the 1970s suggests that mentors function as guides and counsellors. This theory implies that both sides of the mentoring relationship to good. The mentee gains fundamental intimacy and the mentor gains a sense of well-being from passing on their knowledge to the next generation. 7 This sense of well-being is also confirmed in the theory created by Erikson. This framework states that he mentors main concern is to establish and guide the next generation through nurture. 8The article written from the point of view of a Marxist feminist suggests different perspectives of the Odyssey poem by Homer. It implicates Athena as being a mentor figure as well as the advisor, Mentor. Athena provides support to Telemachus on his journey to locate Odyssey. She possesses caring and selfless traits, both of which are expected in the mentoring figure of today. This judgement of the poem provides a modern-day outlook of the mentoring concept and aligns with the theories provided by Kram and Erikson which were mentioned above. From the article, mentor is considered in diverse ways.To continue with the theory that Athena was more of a mentor, it is suggested that in the Greek myth, Mentor was a weak man. The goddess Athena was required to intervene with Mentors role to prevent disorder. In Greek mythology, gods and goddess are expected to do everything possible to keep order amongst the people. Athenas actions prove that she was a true mentor as recognised by the people of today. She used her powers to ensure the continuation of a man controlled society by helping Telemachus locate his father and thus preventing his mother winning over jurisdiction.Later in history, as described in the article, mentoring changes from being a inseparable human function. This enhancement bonks from investigating relationships between exceptional people such as Socrates and Plato. These relationships contain an emotional bond which is not spo ken of in the Odyssey poem but is anticipated in modern-day mentoring. Levinsons theory, complies with the Odyssey evidence which depicts that only the wealthy (powerful) could have successful mentoring relationships. This idea has progressed throughout the ages and it can now be be that this mentoring relationship also works with the powerful mentoring the weak and the weak mentoring the weak. Weak and powerful people can be defined through a frame of ways including social status, knowledge, age and professional standing within an organisation. Mentoring interactions in the modern era must be based upon a certain direct of trust between the members. It can be seen through this article as well as with the theorists concepts that mentoring has progressed vastly over the years. 5As stated in section 2.0, the mentoring analysis will take orchestrate on a Part B project group. This type of mentoring is different to the typical one-on-one relationship. There are many ways to approach group mentoring including facilitated group mentoring, peer-group mentoring and finally team mentoring. Facilitated group mentoring allows people to participate in a learning group and benefit from the experience and expertise of the mentor. The richness of the experience multiplies as each group participant brings personal experiences into the conversation. The facilitator asks questions to keep the dialogue thought-provoking and meaningful, shares their own personal experiences, provides feedback and serves as a sounding board. Peer-group mentoring brings together peers with similar learning interests or involve. The group is self-directed and self-managed. Finally, team mentoring offers a methodology for facilitating the learning of an intact team. Together team individuals articulate goals and work simultaneously with mentors who guide them through the process. This allows the team to be supported and to learn from each others experience and knowledge.Having discussed mentorin g theories already in this section, the next part is based on methods of mentoring which have been developed over the years. Some of these relate to the theories created and similarities can be drawn from all the methods about to be deliberated. These methods all agree on key skills needed to be an effective mentor which include active listening, advising, receptiveness and the ability to question the mentee through inputting but not ascendent the word. When the mentee starts to question the mentor, that is when trust has been built. 6Eric Parsloe provided a mentoring model consisting of four stages. The first stage involves identifying the development take and objectives of the mentee. This is the stage where the mentor and mentee will build a sonorousness that will enable them to establish a mutual understanding of how each other work. The first meeting allows both people to gain each others trust and to share the expectations of what they wish to achieve from the relationship . In doing so, any disappointment will be avoided. The next stage focuses on encouragement of the mentee to carry out the actions separately that were decided upon in the first meeting. During the next few meetings, a timetable of meetings should be drawn up and the mentor needs to recognise the development and learning needs of the mentee and how these can be achieved. The third phase of Parsloes model illustrates that the mentor needs to help the mentee execute their actions by guiding them and offering advice and drawing on previous(prenominal) experiences. After the objectives of the mentee have been met, an evaluation meeting should take place to critically analyse the process and the relationship that has been established. 4 Organisations should monitor the progress of relationships as they develop to exercise a smooth and effective process and to identify and adapt to potential difficulties at an earliest stage.Another mentoring model is GROW Goals, Reality statement, Obs tacles and Way forward. This model can be considered a map guiding mentoring partnerships from their current position through to their final destination. GROW provides a structured approach which permits the mentees to find solutions to their problems. It has been used since the 1980s and allows for a in force(p) understanding of what is to be expected of the group. A goal is created by using the SMART principles. Every goal decided upon must be specific, measureable, agreed, realistic and timed. A reality statement can be generated to illustrate how far away the mentee is from the GOAL. After this, the mentee needs to find the obstacles that are fish fillet them from reaching their goal. Obstacles can be found in the mentees surround, resources or lack of and the limitations in knowledge and experience. The last step in the model is isolating the way forward. 10 This is completed by selecting the most appropriate sequences and combinations of options that will enable the mentee t o fulfil all the goals. The path elect needs to be specific and detailed so that the progress can be gauged.Another model available for mentoring that was also created in the 1980s is the CLEAR model. This was developed by Peter Hawkins and relies on the activities Contracting, auditory sense, Exploring, follow out and Review. Contracting is similar to the goal making of the GROW model. An open discussion takes place in order to establish the desired outcomes of both the project and from the mentoring relationship. Listening is the next part of the CLEAR model. In mentoring, listening is one of the most important skills that a mentor needs to possess. After listening, exploring allows the mentor to challenge the mentee on their thoughts. When doing this, criticism needs to be kept simple and constructive in this stage by concentrating on the mentees behaviour and not their personal attributes. Action ensues the geographic expedition and supports the mentee in choosing the next st eps. After this, a review is carried out which reinforces what has been covered in the meetings and the decisions made. 11 Furthermore, a review also highlights what needs to be improved and change in the mentoring relationship so that both parties gain maximum benefit from the partnership. The final review phase is crucial to dictate future meetings. In carrying out either of these models, the motivation of the mentee will increase as well as their building upon their self-confidence.The mentoring relationship can be view upon as a system. When taking systems theory approach to mentoring, one must first understand a system. Systems are interrelated and interact with their environments and through these interactions, they evolve much alike the mentoring relationship. It is first necessary to understand the individual system elements as well as the relationships between them. displace this into a mentoring context, one mentoring session often has the ability to create an immediate change in an individual. This changed individual will react to the environment in a different way and therefore causes an impact on the environment as well as others that inhabit that environment. A possible implication of applying this theory is the suggestion that individuals should not be coached or mentored in isolation but always in the context of the group (system) in which they work. 4During the lectures given on this module, the Moore Method was discussed. After further research, it can be seen that this method of mentoring is held in high regard across the academic sector and within teaching. The Moore Method is a Socratic method of teaching and was developed by Robert Lee Moore in the early 1900s. Its main principle draws on encouraging students to solve problems using their own skills of critical analysis and creativity. 12 This method worked by Moore giving his students a theorem and making them come up with a solution without the aid of him or other students in the same class. In turn, the students who had a plausible solution would write it on the board. If an hallucination was found in their solution, the other students will be called upon to find a correction. Where students made improvements on the theorems, they would be rewarded by having their name referred to alongside that theorem.Moore was opposed to jest at and instead encouraged the students to be open with their solutions without the fear of being put down if they were incorrect. For the more timid students, he would involve them in class discussion and they would gradually gain the confidence to also write their solutions on the board in front of the class. However, the greatest struggle of the Moore Method is patience. When a student is try or not has run out of ideas, the mentor or teacher must wait for them to figure out the problem on their own. The mentor must take a back seat for this method to work as it should. The main points to take from this method include the mentoring needing to be confident in their approach from the receivening. This will immediately improve the trust in the mentoring relationship. An additional point is for the mentee to realise that some solutions will come quicker and easier than others. 13For this report, it was necessary to put the researched mentoring methods into practice. distributively Part B group were assigned a pair of Part D mentors. This type of assignment was a means of development for both the mentor and the mentee.In this instance, the Part D mentors were told to take the approach of an individual mentoring a group or else than a group mentoring a group. The module leaders for both ELB007 and ELD033 arranged appropriate times and dates for the mentors to meet their groups for the first time. The first meeting with the Part B group was a chance for everyone to get to know each other and to start building a rapport. This would be vital for a successful mentoring relationship. Gaining a certain level of trust would enable the Part B group together or as individual to easily approach the mentor and ask questions freely. In addition to this, a brief discussion took place to indicate the reason for the part D mentors to be involved in the Part B project and how best to utilise having such an asset quick available for the group.In addition to the introductions and exchange of contact details, this first meeting ensued a topic was chosen and the goals of the project were outlined. It was decided that the main form of communication would be through the mobile application, WhatsApp. This is a messaging application that allowed the mentors and mentees to communicate with each other as and when required. This could be for arranging other meetings or ancestral up with missed information or even asking questions about their part of the report which was unclear.As the mentor, listening to the discussion taking place allowed for an judgement of the group dynamics to take place. The group was put together randomly and after the first meeting it still hadnt become clear the roles in which the members would apiece play. Naturally, a leader will form in a group of this type who will take control of the situation and organise the group. There were a few contenders for this position in the group as they all seemed confident with the task ahead. To conclude this meeting, future times and dates of meetings were agreed to ensure the best availability for the majority of the people involved. Successful mentoring practice requires both parties agree on the purpose and extent of the relationship including the means, frequency and how confidentiality will be maintained. 1 In these group projects, a limitation that can be identified is the difficulty of finding a time suitable for everyone to be available for a meeting.Amidst these meetings, it can all the way be seen that the GROW method has started to be exploited. The above paragraph outlined the first two stages Identifying goals and creating a reality statement. These stages were alluded to by employing questions as prompts. To help the Part B students realise specific goals, questions such as what do you want to achieve? and What are your objects? were asked. Following on from these, they were asked what stage they were currently at and a self-assessment was requested so that the group and mentor understood their positioning in the project and the next steps that needed to be taken.Furthermore, limitations within the group include having limited knowledge of systems methods, and the lack of understanding of the topic and overall project. This type of limitation can induce the phenomenon of groupthink. This can occur when a group makes untimely decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of mental efficiency and moral judgement. A group is especially vulnerable when its members are similar in backcloth and when the group is insulated from outside opinions. 13 The Part B group have similar ba ckgrounds when it comes to knowledge of the topic therefore careful observations need to be made and weighing form the mentor needs to be voiced clearly but not in an overpowering manner. For mentoring to work, as discussed in previous sections, the mentor needs to be passive in the meetings and avoid dominating their opinions over the group discussion.In the meetings that followed, each member of the group took responsibility of a section from the chosen topic to work on over the coming weeks leading up to the deadline. During this time, a problem occurred with one of the group members who was unable to complete their section of the report. This was drown with a discussion with the lecturer and with all the group members agreeing to pick up components of the missing section. As a newly formed group the bonding was easily achieved and everyone able to complete their work, did so in the allotted time.These meetings just described conclude the GROW method by having the group assess their options and a way forward. This, again, was prompted by the mentor by asking the following types of questionsWhat can you do to bridge the gap?Who can help?What do you need?What are the actions?What is the measure plan and actions following?These enabled the group to gain a full understanding of the project and its direction. This method also included informal mentoring techniques due to the setting and scenario that had been arranged.To contrive on this study, there are many benefits as well as some disadvantages that came from this mentoring project. To start with, being able to work with a group and form a relationship with them allowed us, as mentors, to put into practice some of the approaches that had been researched. This embedded the skills that had been learnt throughout the process and it could easily be seen which methods were more effective than others.However, the process had its disadvantages. To begin with the group did not fully comprehend the extent at which the Part D mentors would be able to assist them in their report even after discussing the reasons behind being involved in the meetings. Having previous knowledge.This was the mentors first time at mentoring a group. To begin with, not knowing the individuals in the group was scare and it was difficult for them to initiate the mentoring relationship. A possible alteration for this could have been one-to-one mentoring sessions before the project was started to fully form bonds between the individuals.The mentors personality is not as outgoing as others may have been so asking questions and prompting the group proved more difficult and the mentor was reluctant, at some points, to examine for answers. However, this did not prevent the mentor from taking a back seat in the meetings and becoming an active listener. If the individuals in the group had questions, the mentor would be able to clearly advise them towards a proper solution. This mentoring process can be seen to correspond w ith the Moores method.Additionally, more meetings could have been arranged by the group to make full use of the mentors expertise. It is noticeable by the result obtained that there were parts of the report where the mentors knowledge and experience would have helped them obtain a greater result. There were make where the mentor ended up invited themselves to the group meetings once a suitable time had surpassed without contact. In the work place, the mentee would normally arrange the meetings with the mentor. This is done as the mentor would not have the time to continuously question if the mentee needed advising or had any questions. In this situation, the mentor had other commitments which took priority over chasing up the group for meetings.Looking back over the whole process, the actions that this mentor would do differently includeAsking more questions.Prompting more contact time with the group.Putting aside more time to get to know the group.Encouraging them to think outside of the box and discuss ideas at meetings as a group rather than trying to work as individuals.By fully employing a method with similar principles as the Moores method, it will enable the above changes to be adopted with ease. consistently applying this type of approach will make for a more successful mentoring experience.Would have been hard to put the mentoring techniques into practice with the lack of communicatingThe information I have gathered through the various research I have undertaken for this assignment, indicates that mentoring is a two-way mutually beneficial learning situation where the mentor provides advice, shares knowledge and experiences, and teaches using a low pressure, self-discovery approach. It can be seen that each mentoring scheme within different organisations will vary and the techniques which the mentors will undertake will also differ between mentoring individuals. The methods and theories discussed have been adapted to the changes in society over time.

Sanitation and Medicine Changes in the Nineteenth Century :: Essays Papers

Sanitation and Medicine Changes in the Nineteenth Century The renewal in sanitation and medicine in the nineteenth century was a huge step forward in the public health movement. It brought about a major shift in the ideas of how individuals fell ill with a particular disease. While people used to think that diseases were sent by gods, they came to realize that illnesses were the end point of germs, and could be controlled. There were new ideas about disease, and new discoveries in medicine and surgery that were a benefit to all people. What resulted was a much healthier commonwealth overall, from the working class to the upper class. Society used to think that people got sick because of religious solid grounds. They thought that people would become ill because they had somehow displease the gods that ruled the earth. In order to restore health, people brought offerings to temples and prayed to the gods. Any medical procedures, or procedures that society later c onsidered to be medical, were done non by whatsoever rational means, but done because they were parts of superstitious rituals. For example, when a person got a massage, or underwent bloodletting, a spell was said while the procedure was pickings place, and the spell was what was considered to be the most essential part, and able to restore the persons health (Sigerist, pg.132). Although the practice of healing through rituals took place much originally in history (it began in ancient times), most of society still had not caught on to the idea that dirt and health were related by the kickoff of the nineteenth century, and they certainly had not thought of germs yet. People bathed once a week, at most. If skin was covered by an article of clothing, there was no reason for it to be clean. Of this view, Henry E. Sigerist writes, A womans leg clad in silk was attractive, even if it was filthy underneath, (pg. 26). In addition, doctors and other early health professionals ha d not yet come to realize that their clothes could be a transport for germs from one patient to another. Ann F. la Berge, who wrote about the public health movement in France, pointed out that society, once it began to figure out how germs could be spread, failed to realize that germs could simply be airborne, causing anyone to get sick.

The Hazards of E-voting Essay -- Democracy Voting Internet Essays

The Hazards of E-voting A democracy screw only be effective when it runs effectively, when the will ofthe people is transmitted through the corridors of power. It washbasin only fall its zenith if the most important function of democracy, voting, is carried outflawlessly. Although flawlessness has never been achieved, men have certainlytried to keep the voting system as efficient as possible, with the leastpossible amounts of ballots being lost or mis- reckoninged. Human error is ofcourse, uncontrollable. This error combined with the partiality of allhumans, prompted the development of machines that would register, storeand count the ballots which were cast. Electronic voting, or e-voting,soon found advocates and lots of opposition. Many in the opposition thoughtof this idea as ephemeral, how could one entrust democracy to an continuous tense machine?A Diebold E-vote MachineAs the last election showed, e-voting has gained a strong foothold in the US.Twenty-eight out of the fifty states1 in the US used e-voting machines in somecounties. This accounts for just about 30 percent of U.S. voters on November 232.Nevada and Maryland3 used the machines in all counties. Do the advantages ofusing a machine, outweigh the potential difference hazards of using a device which canbe manipulated or hacked into?Grant Gross, from IDG News Services discusses the shortcomings.Voting security advocates have raised dozens of concerns about direct electronicrecording machines. Among the complaints about DREs Some of the back-end vote-counting tabulators can easily be hacked some smart cards that provide accessto the machines can be faked and votes can be lost when machines crash, as computers sometimes do.4 The security issues wi... ...ean Union has funded a 3.2 million euro, three-year pilot programto use e-voting in three local elections, one in France and the other two in Germanyand in Sweden. More than 1 million Estonians will be ready to vote via the Internet in 2006 local elections.Yet it appears that the people managing these systems do not understand the greatrisks involved with e-voting. It seems that the motives behind this exodus towards e-voting in Europe, is more policy-making then technological. They are politicians wanting to look tech savvy.9Whether e-voting is the way in which Americans will choose their leaders in thecoming years, is an issue that can only be decided by their increasing amount ofusage in coming years. References 1 and 2 The Industry Standard 3,4, PC terra firma5, 6 Washington Post 8 Computer Weekly.com9 MSNBC- The age of E-voting

Bad Choices, Bad Outcome :: essays research papers

Throughout Hamlets ordeal, he must interact with many population. Each interaction poses several likely ways to act, because of his obsessive nature, he often chose to sacrifice relationships in order to accomplish other goals and feel better about his situation. Many times, Hamlet could occupy tried to confront tribe concerning the way they were acting, but instead chose to ignore their existence, or in more extreme cases, end their existence. I cant stress enough how different the situation could have been had Hamlet not letting his emotions get the best of him.One of the major themes within the play is people putting on acts. Hamlet was no exception he pretended to have gone mad after his father died, even when this faux-madness led to losing people he loved. For example, Hamlet acted completely out of his mind when he was with the woman he truly loved, Ophelia, because of this act, he lost her. Had Hamlet confided in his love, and let her bed what was going on as far as his emotions, she may have stayed sane and stuck by Hamlet. This action would also leave the possibility of Ophelia living, rather than drowning in depression. The possibility of not seeing Ophelia anymore could have been explored as well. While it would have been hard for Hamlet to ignore Ophelia, she may have lived her life such(prenominal) longer. other major theme in Hamlet is procrastination. Throughout the play, Hamlet exigencys to avenge his fathers death by killing Claudius, but every(prenominal) chance that arises is pushed aside by Hamlet. Claudius was praying all alone, and rather than kill him at that moment, Hamlet thought about the situation and decided that he didnt want Claudius to have a chance to go to heaven. Had Hamlet simply went ahead and done what he wanted to do, deaths that occurred later in the play could have been prevented. Its this obsessive nature that led Hamlet to his tragic ending. Hamlet never thought about whether or not killing Claudius would hur t his mother he never even thought to ask her what she thought about his theory that Claudius killed his father. This is yet another example of Hamlet throwing away relationships to deal with things on his own. Another folly of Hamlets obsessive nature is how he ended up killing Polonius. While talking to his mother, Hamlet was suspicious of being spied on, and when he noticed someone under a curtain, he immediately killed the person without even bothering to check who it was.

Economic Systems Of Different Countries :: essays research papers

Economic Systems of Different CountriesCanadaThe Government of Canada is a Federal Parliamentary country and amember of the Common Wealth. The Prime Minister of Canada is the Honorable JeanChretien. The Deputy Prime Minister is Sheila Copps and the Governor General isRomeo LeBlanc. There argon five major policy-making parties in Canada they are theProgressive Conservatives, the Liberal Party, New Democratic Party, the ReformParty, and the Bloc Quebecois.The GNP per capita (1991) was $19,934 (in millions). The annual GNPgrowth was 3.4%. The mensuration of GNP for defence was 2.2%. The majority ofworkers in Canada are in the Service field (73%), Industry has 23% of theworkers, and Agriculture has the remaining 4% of the labour workforce. Canadahas an unemployment calculate of 9.5% and an inflation enjoin of 2.3%.Canadas top three natural resources are Nickel, Zinc and Copper.Canadas top three agricultural products include Wheat, Barley, and Corn. Thethree major Canadian industr ies are automobile manufacturing, lumber industry,and petroleum products. Canada has a healthy trading market with major partnerssuch as the United States, Mexico, and Japan. The top three imported productsare vehicles, foodstuffs, and animal feed, while the three major exports includevehicles, petroleum products and natural gas. Canadas exports vastly outweightheir imports. The balance of trade is $9,823,000,000 (more exports thanimports).Canadas parsimoniousness is a market economy based on free enterprise and theideology of capitalism. As a Canadian citizen you are free to buy and sell asyou please on the open market, so long as you are within the law. Since Canadais a democratic state we are guaranteed these rights and freedoms. Canada has avery efficient economy. We have an unemployment rate of only 9.5% and areasonably small inflation rate. Canada has been rated as one of the bestcountries in the world Coincidence?NigerThe Government in Niger is a nation in which there is a President anda Prime Minister. The President of the Republic of Niger is Mahamane Ousmane.The Prime Minister is Hama Amadou. There are five major political parties.They are The National Movement for the Developing Society, The Democratic andSocial Convention, Nigerian Party for Democracy and Socialism, The NigerianAlliance for Democracy and Progress, and The Union of Progressive Patriots andDemocrats.Niger has a Gross National Product per capita of $550 (in millions).There is an annual GNP growth of 1.4%, 0.1% more then the allotted funds fordefence. The majority of the labour force plant in agriculture (45%), theservice field represents 39% of the workers, and the remaining 16% are employed

Throughout The Crucible many of the characters experience changes to th

Throughout The Crucible many of the characters experience changes to their personality. The change in John Proctor is kinda prominentIn Act IV Proctor says, I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. Itis fraud. I am not that man. At the suppress of the play he goes toexecution saying, Now I do think I see some shred of rectitude in JohnProctor. What has do this change come about?Throughout The Crucible many of the characters experience changes totheir personality. The change in John Proctor is quite prominent andextremely big in the play.When John says, I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. It isfraud. I am not that man he is sure that he does not want to die. Later on, while waiting for execution he says, Now I do think I seesome shred of faithfulness in John Proctor which shows he is now ready todie to state his worth. This drastic change from sinner to martyr isprovoked in a number of ways. John loves Elizabeth greatly and her opinions mean a lot to him. Towards the end of t he play, Elizabeth forgives John for his sins,which allows him to forgive himself. Elizabeth tells John that shesnever seen so much goodness in the world he satisfyingizes he is Elizabethsexample of perfection so accepts what has to be done, so not to loosethis perfect view. We can also see that John cares about Elizabethsthoughts as he asks her if she thinks he should confess. This alsoshows that he is a weak man, who cannot act by himself. John is laboured to make up his own mind, when Elizabeth testament not help him. John thinks about only himself and agrees to confess. When Danforthpressures him to name any other guilty parties John will only speak ofhis own sins.John is a religious Christian ... ...ct. Seeingthe written confession makes everything real to him. The temptationof life brings another struggle into Johns life, which he has to fightagainst. The desire fore more names in court brings home to him thepower struggle he has faced. At the point where he has to decide whether to lie or not, it is proof of Johns honesty that at thispoint he is unable to lie, but or else he tears his signed confessionand follows his friends to the gallows. It is clear that the heatof his trials has transformed John from a sinner to a martyr, and hasshown him to be the good man of whom Elizabeth speaks. The realJohn Proctor is a man who knows whit is right, even if he has notalways done right and he is incapable of dishonesty or selfishness. It is clear that the change in John Proctor has come about because ofthe real John Proctor coming forward.